Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer widely used in non-viral gene delivery systems and other polymer technologies. PEI with a MW of 25 kD was cross-linked in aqueous solution by the aromatic di-aldehyde isophthalaldehyde. This di-aldehyde cross-links PEI by forming stable imines with the primary amine groups in branched PEI. Cross-linking was evaluated at different concentrations of PEI using NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS or QELS) and solvent extraction. It is demonstrated that isophthalaldehyde was able to cross-link PEI intramolecularly in solution near physiological pH resulting in the formation of unimolecular cross-linked nanoparticles. Proton NMR was used to examine the cross-linking reaction in-situ. The aldehyde resonance of isophthalaldehyde became broadened as cross-linking occurred. Organic-aqueous liquid-liquid extraction studies supported both that the cross-linking was intramolecular and that the cross-linked structures were stable to hydrolysis in water at neutral pH. As cross-linking occurred, the percentage of isophthalaldehyde that could be extracted from the solution was reduced. The molecular radii and aggregation behavior was monitored by QELS. The particle size of the polymer molecules in solution decreased with increased cross-linking, indicating the intra-molecular cross-linking between the PEI branches. These results clearly show that cross-linking of PEI with isophthalaldehyde creates soluble unimolecular polymer nanoparticles. These materials hold promise for a variety of applications in biotechnology.
| Published in | American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11 |
| Page(s) | 50-56 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Nanoparticles, Cross-Linking, Polyethylenimine
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APA Style
Sueyuan Li, James Edward Hanson. (2021). Soluble Unimolecular Polymer Nanoparticles by Crosslinking of Polyethylenimine with Isophthalaldehyde. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 7(4), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11
ACS Style
Sueyuan Li; James Edward Hanson. Soluble Unimolecular Polymer Nanoparticles by Crosslinking of Polyethylenimine with Isophthalaldehyde. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2021, 7(4), 50-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11
AMA Style
Sueyuan Li, James Edward Hanson. Soluble Unimolecular Polymer Nanoparticles by Crosslinking of Polyethylenimine with Isophthalaldehyde. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2021;7(4):50-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11,
author = {Sueyuan Li and James Edward Hanson},
title = {Soluble Unimolecular Polymer Nanoparticles by Crosslinking of Polyethylenimine with Isophthalaldehyde},
journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {50-56},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20210704.11},
abstract = {Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer widely used in non-viral gene delivery systems and other polymer technologies. PEI with a MW of 25 kD was cross-linked in aqueous solution by the aromatic di-aldehyde isophthalaldehyde. This di-aldehyde cross-links PEI by forming stable imines with the primary amine groups in branched PEI. Cross-linking was evaluated at different concentrations of PEI using NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS or QELS) and solvent extraction. It is demonstrated that isophthalaldehyde was able to cross-link PEI intramolecularly in solution near physiological pH resulting in the formation of unimolecular cross-linked nanoparticles. Proton NMR was used to examine the cross-linking reaction in-situ. The aldehyde resonance of isophthalaldehyde became broadened as cross-linking occurred. Organic-aqueous liquid-liquid extraction studies supported both that the cross-linking was intramolecular and that the cross-linked structures were stable to hydrolysis in water at neutral pH. As cross-linking occurred, the percentage of isophthalaldehyde that could be extracted from the solution was reduced. The molecular radii and aggregation behavior was monitored by QELS. The particle size of the polymer molecules in solution decreased with increased cross-linking, indicating the intra-molecular cross-linking between the PEI branches. These results clearly show that cross-linking of PEI with isophthalaldehyde creates soluble unimolecular polymer nanoparticles. These materials hold promise for a variety of applications in biotechnology.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Soluble Unimolecular Polymer Nanoparticles by Crosslinking of Polyethylenimine with Isophthalaldehyde AU - Sueyuan Li AU - James Edward Hanson Y1 - 2021/11/19 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11 T2 - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology JF - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology JO - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology SP - 50 EP - 56 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5986 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20210704.11 AB - Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer widely used in non-viral gene delivery systems and other polymer technologies. PEI with a MW of 25 kD was cross-linked in aqueous solution by the aromatic di-aldehyde isophthalaldehyde. This di-aldehyde cross-links PEI by forming stable imines with the primary amine groups in branched PEI. Cross-linking was evaluated at different concentrations of PEI using NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS or QELS) and solvent extraction. It is demonstrated that isophthalaldehyde was able to cross-link PEI intramolecularly in solution near physiological pH resulting in the formation of unimolecular cross-linked nanoparticles. Proton NMR was used to examine the cross-linking reaction in-situ. The aldehyde resonance of isophthalaldehyde became broadened as cross-linking occurred. Organic-aqueous liquid-liquid extraction studies supported both that the cross-linking was intramolecular and that the cross-linked structures were stable to hydrolysis in water at neutral pH. As cross-linking occurred, the percentage of isophthalaldehyde that could be extracted from the solution was reduced. The molecular radii and aggregation behavior was monitored by QELS. The particle size of the polymer molecules in solution decreased with increased cross-linking, indicating the intra-molecular cross-linking between the PEI branches. These results clearly show that cross-linking of PEI with isophthalaldehyde creates soluble unimolecular polymer nanoparticles. These materials hold promise for a variety of applications in biotechnology. VL - 7 IS - 4 ER -
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