| Peer-Reviewed

Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays

Received: 30 April 2023    Accepted: 13 May 2023    Published: 28 August 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The far ultraviolet rays are harmful to human health, particularly for their mutagenic effects; it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, photochemical pollution. In the future, chemists plan to use it as weapons for the destruction of objects. Therefore, we should meet this future challenge by scientific means in order to snuff out its far-ultraviolet rays. In this paper, we’ve intend to carry out a deep spectral study on a series of red dyes such as: beet red; congo red; methyl red; neutral red; phenol red and carminic acid, to find out which are able to damage far ultraviolet rays by absorption. The analysis methods used are UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and emission spectrophotometry. The experimental results have been carried out in our laboratory; have shown that certain red dyes have an ability to absorb light in the far ultraviolet range below 200 nm; this is due to their chemical structures. Therefore, they are able to dodging far ultraviolet rays. Moreover, the spectral analyzes by fluorescence of the series of red dyes studied, have showed that these red dyes emit beyond 600 nm.

Published in American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11
Page(s) 26-39
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Red Dyes, Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry, Far UV

References
[1] Ramesh M, Muthuraman A. Flavoring and coloring agents: Health risks and potential problems. In: Natural and Artificial Flavoring Agents and Food Dyes. Elsevier; 2018. p. 1-28. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811518-3.00001-6.
[2] Omidi F, Behbahani M, Sadeghi AH, Sedighi A, Shahtaheri SJ. Application of molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles as a selective solid phase extraction for preconcentration and trace determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the human urine and different water samples. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2014; 12 (1): 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s40201-014-0137-z.
[3] Baião DDS, Silva DVTD, Aguila EMD, Paschoalin VMF. Nutritional bioactive and physicochemical characteristics of different beetroot formulations. Food Additives. 2017; 1-24. doi: 10.5772/ intechopen.69301.
[4] Vieira Teixeira da Silva D, Dos Santos Baião D, de Oliveira Silva F, Alves G, Perrone D, Mere Del Aguila E, M FlosiPaschoalin V. Betanin, a Natural Food Additive: Stability, Bioavailability, Antioxidant and Preservative Ability Assessments. Molecules. 2019 Jan 28; 24 (3): 458. doi: 10.3390/molecules24030458. PMID: 30696032; PMCID: PMC6384587.
[5] Hanssen Maurice. E comme Additif, produits chimiques au menu. Edition Flammarion. 1988; 156.
[6] Azeredo HMC. Betalains: Properties, sources, applications and stability: A review. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2009; 44 (12): 2365-2376. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01668.x.
[7] TumbasŠaponjac V, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Ćetković G, Jakišić M, Djilas S, Vulić J, Stajčić S. Encapsulation of Beetroot Pomace Extract: RSM Optimization, Storage and Gastrointestinal Stability. Molecules. 2016 Apr 30; 21 (5): 584. doi: 10.3390/ molecules21050584. PMID: 27144556; PMCID: PMC6273385.
[8] Gandía-Herrero F, Escribano J, García-Carmona F. Characterization of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase on betaxanthins: the tyramine-betaxanthin/dopamine-betaxanthin pair. Planta. 2005 Oct; 222 (2): 307-18. doi: 10.1007/s00425-005- 1526-4. Epub 2005 Jun 21. PMID: 15968512.
[9] Madhusudhan MC, Raghavarao KSMS. Aqueous two-phase extraction for the recovery of beet pigments and enzymes. In: Red Beet Biotechnology: Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Springer; 2012. P. 393-408. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3458-0_15.
[10] Strack D, Vogt T, Schliemann W. Recent advances in betalain research. Phytochemistry. 2003 Feb; 62 (3): 247-69. doi: 10.1016/ s0031-9422(02)00564-2. PMID: 12620337.
[11] Nowacki L, Vigneron P, Rotellini L, Cazzola H, Merlier F, Prost E, Ralanairina R, Gadonna JP, Rossi C, Vayssade M. BetaninEnriched Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death in MCF-7 Cells. Phytother Res. 2015 Dec; 29 (12): 1964-73. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5491. Epub 2015 Oct 14. PMID: 26463240.
[12] Delgado-Vargas F, Jiménez AR, Paredes-López O. Natural pigments: carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalains-- characteristics, biosynthesis, processing, and stability. Crit Rev Food SciNutr. 2000 May; 40 (3): 173-289. doi: 10.1080/10408690091189257. PMID: 10850526.
[13] Cai Y, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the amaranthaceae. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Apr 9; 51 (8): 2288-94. doi: 10.1021/jf030045u. PMID: 12670172.
[14] Schwartz SJ, von Elbe JH, Pariza MW, Goldsworthy T, Pitot HC. Inability of red beet betalain pigments to initiate or promote hepatocarcinogenesis. Food ChemToxicol. 1983 Oct; 21 (5): 531-5. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(83)90136-9. PMID: 6140212.
[15] Kanner J, Harel S, Granit R. Betalains--a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Nov; 49 (11): 5178-85. doi: 10.1021/jf010456f. PMID: 11714300.
[16] Butera D, Tesoriere L, Di Gaudio F, Bongiorno A, Allegra M, Pintaudi AM, Kohen R, Livrea MA. Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear (Opuntia fi cusindica) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: betanin and indicaxanthin. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Nov 6; 50 (23): 6895-901. doi: 10.1021/ jf025696p. PMID: 12405794.
[17] Pedreno MA, Escribano J. Correlation between antiradical activity and stability of betanin from Beta vulgaris l roots under different temperature, pH and light conditions. J Sci Food Agric. 2001; 81: 627-631. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.851.
[18] Nikfar S, Jaberidoost M. Dyes and Colorants A2- wexlerphilip. In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 3rd ed. Academic Press: Oxford; 2014. p. 252-261.
[19] Fisher BioblockScientifi c. Produits chimiques; 2006-2007. p. 403.
[20] Jacques Baron. Matières colorants organiques. Teintures (Abecedaire de chimie organique). https://tice.ac-montpellier.fr/ABCDORGA/ORGANIQU.htm.
[21] Popa A, Moldovan B, David L. ‘‘Betanin from Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Extraction conditions and evaluation of the thermal stability, Babe-Bolyai”. University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Arany Janos Str. 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
[22] Neagu C, Barbu V. Principal component analysis of the factors involved in the extraction of beetroot betalains. J AgroalimentProc Technol. 2014; 20 (4): 311-318.
[23] Nouairi M-E, Freha M, Bellil A. Study by absorption and emission spectrophotometry of the efficiency of the binary mixture (Ethanol-Water) on the extraction of betanin from red beetroot. SpectrochimActa A MolBiomolSpectrosc. 2021 Nov 5; 260: 119939. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119939. Epub 2021 May 11. PMID: 34015743.
[24] Albani JR. Absorption et Fluorescence principes et applications; 2001 éditions Tec-doc J. R. Lakowicz; Principes of fl uorescence spectroscopy. 3rd ed. Springer; 2006 • B. Valeur; Invitation à la fluorescence moléculaire; 2004 édition De BoecK.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Zakaria Rached, Mohammed El-Amine Nouairi, Bachir Raho Ghallem, Wahiba Amrani, Ali Bellil. (2023). Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 9(3), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Zakaria Rached; Mohammed El-Amine Nouairi; Bachir Raho Ghallem; Wahiba Amrani; Ali Bellil. Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2023, 9(3), 26-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Zakaria Rached, Mohammed El-Amine Nouairi, Bachir Raho Ghallem, Wahiba Amrani, Ali Bellil. Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2023;9(3):26-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11,
      author = {Zakaria Rached and Mohammed El-Amine Nouairi and Bachir Raho Ghallem and Wahiba Amrani and Ali Bellil},
      title = {Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays},
      journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {26-39},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20230903.11},
      abstract = {The far ultraviolet rays are harmful to human health, particularly for their mutagenic effects; it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, photochemical pollution. In the future, chemists plan to use it as weapons for the destruction of objects. Therefore, we should meet this future challenge by scientific means in order to snuff out its far-ultraviolet rays. In this paper, we’ve intend to carry out a deep spectral study on a series of red dyes such as: beet red; congo red; methyl red; neutral red; phenol red and carminic acid, to find out which are able to damage far ultraviolet rays by absorption. The analysis methods used are UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and emission spectrophotometry. The experimental results have been carried out in our laboratory; have shown that certain red dyes have an ability to absorb light in the far ultraviolet range below 200 nm; this is due to their chemical structures. Therefore, they are able to dodging far ultraviolet rays. Moreover, the spectral analyzes by fluorescence of the series of red dyes studied, have showed that these red dyes emit beyond 600 nm.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Study by Absorption and Emission Spectrophotometry of a Series of Red Dyes Capable of Destroying Far UV Rays
    AU  - Zakaria Rached
    AU  - Mohammed El-Amine Nouairi
    AU  - Bachir Raho Ghallem
    AU  - Wahiba Amrani
    AU  - Ali Bellil
    Y1  - 2023/08/28
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11
    T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    SP  - 26
    EP  - 39
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5986
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230903.11
    AB  - The far ultraviolet rays are harmful to human health, particularly for their mutagenic effects; it can cause skin cancer, cataracts, photochemical pollution. In the future, chemists plan to use it as weapons for the destruction of objects. Therefore, we should meet this future challenge by scientific means in order to snuff out its far-ultraviolet rays. In this paper, we’ve intend to carry out a deep spectral study on a series of red dyes such as: beet red; congo red; methyl red; neutral red; phenol red and carminic acid, to find out which are able to damage far ultraviolet rays by absorption. The analysis methods used are UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and emission spectrophotometry. The experimental results have been carried out in our laboratory; have shown that certain red dyes have an ability to absorb light in the far ultraviolet range below 200 nm; this is due to their chemical structures. Therefore, they are able to dodging far ultraviolet rays. Moreover, the spectral analyzes by fluorescence of the series of red dyes studied, have showed that these red dyes emit beyond 600 nm.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Science and Technology (ST), Faculty of Science & Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria;Process Engineering and Solution Chemistry Laboratory (LGPCS), Mascara, Algeria

  • Department of Science and Technology (ST), Faculty of Science & Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria;Process Engineering and Solution Chemistry Laboratory (LGPCS), Mascara, Algeria

  • Department of Science and Technology (ST), Faculty of Science & Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria;Process Engineering and Solution Chemistry Laboratory (LGPCS), Mascara, Algeria

  • Department of Science and Technology (ST), Faculty of Science & Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria;Process Engineering and Solution Chemistry Laboratory (LGPCS), Mascara, Algeria

  • Department of Science and Technology (ST), Faculty of Science & Technology, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria;Process Engineering and Solution Chemistry Laboratory (LGPCS), Mascara, Algeria

  • Sections